四川減水劑制備方(fang)法介紹：

一般主要有兩種脫取木(mu)質素制造減水劑的(de)方法。

(1)將(jiang)亞硫酸鹽廢(fei)液用堿性溶液中和(he)，經(jing)生(sheng)物發酵去除(chu)糖類(lei)物質，蒸(zheng)發烘干(gan)成粉狀減水劑(ji)。如吉林開(kai)山屯化學纖維紙漿廠(chang)(chang)的產(chan)品即采用(yong)此法。它采用(yong)該(gai)廠(chang)(chang)亞硫(liu)酸鹽(yan)蒸(zheng)煮(zhu)木材（75%以(yi)(yi)上是白松)制得化纖漿柏(bo)生(sheng)產(chan)過程中(zhong)的廢(fei)液為原料，先經(jing)(jing)生(sheng)物發酵處(chu)理脫糖(tang)提取酒精，把(ba)存(cun)下10%左右濃度的酒精廢(fei)液，經(jing)(jing)蒸(zheng)發器濃縮到50%左右，然后輸(shu)送到噴霧(wu)器干燥(zao)，再經(jing)(jing)200℃以(yi)(yi)卜熱風噴霧(wu)干燥(zao)而(er)成。其(qi)pH=4.5-5.5。 術(shu)材種類不同、蒸(zheng)煮(zhu)工藝不同，對亞硫(liu)酸鹽(yan)紙漿廢(fei)液及(ji)制成的木質(zhi)素磺酸鹽(yan)化學成分(fen)影響較大，因而(er)影響著(zhu)減水劑的性能。 

(2)對堿木質素(su)或(huo)硫酸鹽木質素(su)用酸化(hua)沉淀的方法將術(shu)質素(su)分離，再進行磺化(hua)，在(zai)(zai)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)性介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)木(mu)(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)素(su)(su)(su)磺(huang)酸(suan)(suan)鹽。堿(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)法制漿黑(hei)(hei)液(ye)中(zhong)的木(mu)(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)素(su)(su)(su)以(yi)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)木(mu)(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)素(su)(su)(su)形式存在(zai)(zai)。當(dang)黑(hei)(hei)液(ye)中(zhong)有(you)效(xiao)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)含量>1.14%,堿(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)木(mu)(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)素(su)(su)(su)完全溶于(yu)(yu)黑(hei)(hei)液(ye)中(zhong)，呈(cheng)親水凝膠，不(bu)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)沉淀(dian)(dian)，而當(dang)有(you)效(xiao)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)含量<0.71%時，堿(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)術(shu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)素(su)(su)(su)膠體部分(fen)受破(po)壞(huai)，產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)沉淀(dian)(dian)。由于(yu)(yu)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)木(mu)(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)素(su)(su)(su)親水基團的存在(zai)(zai)，使黑(hei)(hei)液(ye)有(you)一定(ding)(ding)活(huo)性，但效(xiao)果不(bu)穩定(ding)(ding)。因此，利用堿(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)術(shu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)素(su)(su)(su)紙漿廢液(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產減(jian)水劑，必須引入磺(huang)酸(suan)(suan)基、胺(an)基、羧基等陰離(li)子(zi)表面活(huo)性基團進行改性。木(mu)(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)素(su)(su)(su)易與(yu)亞(ya)硫酸(suan)(suan)、亞(ya)硫酸(suan)(suan)鹽等磺(huang)化(hua)劑發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)反(fan)應(ying)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)木(mu)(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)素(su)(su)(su)磺(huang)酸(suan)(suan)鹽。反(fan)應(ying)原理是:亞(ya)硫酸(suan)(suan)與(yu)術(shu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)素(su)(su)(su)分(fen)子(zi)中(zhong)的烯醇基加成(cheng)(cheng)引入磺(huang)酸(suan)(suan)基，引入磺(huang)酸(suan)(suan)基的試劑用Na2S03，由于(yu)(yu)Na2S03水解生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)H2SO3,使加成(cheng)(cheng)反(fan)應(ying)得以(yi)進行，在(zai)(zai)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)性介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)木(mu)(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)素(su)(su)(su)磺(huang)酸(suan)(suan)鹽。

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